The demographic composition of a population, specifically age and gender, strongly impacts the progression and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Recent research shows that the disease disproportionately affects older individuals and there is evidence of specific transmission patterns based on age and gender. As the pandemic has spread, it has not only caused millions of deaths and pushed people into extreme poverty, but also exposed and worsened existing inequalities based on income, age, race, and sex. This is evident in the data tracking COVID-19 cases and deaths, as well as various risk factors.