Postcolonial theory is a recent form of analysis emerging in the late 1980s that focuses on understanding the lingering effects of colonialism. It argues that anthropologists should consider their own cultural biases when studying other cultures and looks at the impact of modernity on postcolonial studies. The concept of postcolonialism is explored in literature and cultural studies and is linked to modernist and postmodernist ideologies. Postmodernism challenges the idea of a universal "best" viewpoint and suggests a subjective experience influenced by colonialism. The concept of subaltern studies, which center on marginalized racial and ethnic groups, is seen as valuable in addressing colonial legacies. Postcolonial identity is shaped by interactions between different cultures and identities, as seen in the work of South Asian and Latin American historians.