The latest guidance recommends annual anal cancer screening for individuals with HIV. However, there are no evidence-based recommendations for HPV-vaccinated individuals. Discussions about the risks and certain screenings, such as anal cytology and DNA tests, should occur for high-risk populations. The risk of anal cancer is increased for those without HIV and a history of HPV. Patient discussions about risk factors should be conducted, and current approaches include HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening/surveillance. Screening for anal cancer is not recommended for the general population, but those at high risk may be screened.

Sources

Current guidelines recommendations for anal HPV-related disease screeningIn people with HIV, treating precancerous anal lesions cuts risk of anal cancer by more than halfScreening for Anal Dysplasia and Cancer in Adults With HIV - NCBI BookshelfHuman Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection - STI Treatment Guidelines - CDCAnal Cancer Guidelines - Medscape ReferenceAnal Cancer Screening and Prevention: Summary of Evidence Reviewed for the 2021 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Sexually Transmitted Infection Guidelines

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