Here's a detailed study guide for the medications you've listed, including their class, brand name, mechanism of action (MOA), side effects, treatment uses, first-line status, and safety during pregnancy and lactation. I'll cover one medication from your list as an example. You can follow the same format for the other medications.

Study Guide for Antidepressants

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1. Citalopram

• Class: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
• Brand Name: Celexa
• MOA: Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, leading to increased serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft.
• Side Effects: Common side effects include nausea, dry mouth, fatigue, drowsiness, and insomnia. Serious side effects may include severe allergic reactions, prolonged QT interval, and suicidal thoughts.
• Indications: Primarily used to treat major depressive disorder. Off-label uses may include anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
• First-Line: Yes, Citalopram is considered a first-line treatment for depression.
• Safety in Pregnancy: Citalopram may slightly increase the risk of bleeding after delivery if taken in the last month of pregnancy. It should be used with caution.
• Safety in Lactation: Some experts do not recommend it during nursing, but it is generally considered acceptable based on safety scoring systems, with few reported adverse effects in breastfed infants.
  • More info on lactation safety
  • More info on side effects
  • Detailed drug information
  • NHS report on pregnancy and lactation

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You can apply this format to the other medications you've listed, gathering information from reliable sources like Medline, WebMD, Drugs.com, and official drug databases. If you need a detailed guide for any specific medication—like Escitalopram, Paroxetine, etc.—please let me know, and I can help you with those as well. Good luck with your midterms!Here’s a study guide for the medications you listed that covers their class, brand names, mechanism of action (MOA), side effects, therapeutic uses (both on-label and off-label), whether they are first-line treatments, and their safety in pregnancy and lactation.

1. Citalopram (Celexa)

• Class: SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin reuptake, increasing serotonin levels in the brain.
• Side Effects: Nausea, insomnia, dry mouth, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, increased risk of bleeding.
• Uses: On-label for major depressive disorder; off-label for anxiety disorders, panic disorder.
• First-line: Yes.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Generally considered acceptable with caution during breastfeeding; some concerns during the last trimester. More info

2. Escitalopram (Lexapro)

• Class: SSRI
• MOA: Similar to citalopram; inhibits serotonin reuptake.
• Side Effects: Nausea, dry mouth, sleep disturbances, sexual dysfunction.
• Uses: On-label for major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder; off-label for panic disorder.
• First-line: Yes.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: May be compatible with breastfeeding; limited information indicates safety. Monitor for adverse effects in infants. More info

3. Paroxetine (Paxil)

• Class: SSRI
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin reuptake.
• Side Effects: Weight gain, sexual dysfunction, withdrawal symptoms.
• Uses: On-label for depression, anxiety disorders, PTSD; off-label for vasomotor symptoms, OCD.
• First-line: No; usually second line due to side effects.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks; possible adverse effects in breastfed infants.

4. Fluoxetine (Prozac)

• Class: SSRI
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin reuptake.
• Side Effects: Nausea, headache, insomnia, sexual dysfunction.
• Uses: On-label for depression, bulimia nervosa, and OCD; off-label for premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
• First-line: Yes.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Generally considered safe but monitor infants for side effects.

5. Fluvoxamine (Luvox)

• Class: SSRI
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin reuptake.
• Side Effects: Nausea, drowsiness, insomnia, sexual dysfunction.
• Uses: On-label for OCD and social anxiety disorder; off-label for PTSD.
• First-line: Yes, for OCD.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Consult physician; monitor infants during lactation.

6. Sertraline (Zoloft)

• Class: SSRI
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin reuptake.
• Side Effects: Diarrhea, insomnia, nausea, sexual dysfunction.
• Uses: On-label for depression, OCD, panic disorder; off-label for PTSD and social anxiety.
• First-line: Yes.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Generally regarded as compatible with breastfeeding; monitor infants.

7. Vortioxetine (Brintellix)

• Class: SSRI
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin reuptake and modulates serotonin receptors.
• Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, sexual dysfunction.
• Uses: On-label for major depressive disorder.
• First-line: Yes.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Limited studies, exercise caution.

8. Vilazodone (Viibryd)

• Class: SSRI and 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist.
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin reuptake and stimulates certain serotonin receptors.
• Side Effects: Diarrhea, nausea, insomnia.
• Uses: On-label for major depressive disorder.
• First-line: No; it is an alternative.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Limited data on safety during pregnancy.

9. Duloxetine (Cymbalta)

• Class: SNRI (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor)
• MOA: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
• Side Effects: Nausea, headache, fatigue, sexual dysfunction.
• Uses: On-label for major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, fibromyalgia, diabetic neuropathic pain; off-label for chronic pain.
• First-line: Yes.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Not recommended during pregnancy; low levels in breast milk.

10. Venlafaxine (Effexor)

• Class: SNRI
• MOA: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
• Side Effects: Nausea, insomnia, sweating, sexual dysfunction.
• Uses: On-label for major depressive disorder and anxiety; off-label for chronic pain, migraines.
• First-line: Yes for anxiety and depression.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Not majorly indicated during pregnancy; caution advised during lactation.

11. Levomilnacipran (Fetzima)

• Class: SNRI
• MOA: Inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin.
• Side Effects: Nausea, increased heart rate, hypertension.
• Uses: On-label for major depressive disorder.
• First-line: No; generally considered a second-line option.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Limited data available.

12. Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)

• Class: SNRI
• MOA: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
• Side Effects: Nausea, dry mouth, dizziness.
• Uses: On-label for major depressive disorder.
• First-line: No; similar to venlafaxine.
• Pregnancy and Lactation: Not recommended.

13. Amoxapine

• Class: TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressant)
• MOA: Inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin, with dopamine receptor antagonist effect.
• Side Effects: Sedation, weight gain, anticholinergic effects.
• Uses: On-label forHere's a study guide for the medications you mentioned, including their class, brand name, mechanism of action (MOA), side effects, uses, and safety information regarding pregnancy and lactation.

1. Citalopram

• Class: SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)
• Brand Name: Celexa
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin reuptake, enhancing serotonin levels in the synaptic cleft.
• Side Effects: Nausea, dry mouth, increased sweating, fatigue, sexual dysfunction, and in rare cases, severe allergic reactions.
• Uses: Major depressive disorder (MDD).
• Pregnancy: Some risks noted, particularly increased risk of bleeding post-delivery if used in late pregnancy (NHS). Generally considered acceptable during lactation (NCBI).
• Link: NCBI

2. Escitalopram

• Class: SSRI
• Brand Name: Lexapro
• MOA: Similar to Citalopram, it selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake.
• Side Effects: Insomnia, fatigue, nausea, and potential for suicidal thoughts in young adults.
• Uses: Treatment of MDD and generalized anxiety disorder.
• Pregnancy: Some concerns regarding cardiac development in fetuses; generally considered compatible with breastfeeding (NHS, NCBI).
• Link: NCBI

3. Paroxetine

• Class: SSRI
• Brand Name: Paxil
• MOA: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin.
• Side Effects: Sexual dysfunction, weight gain, nausea; potential for congenital heart defects if used in early pregnancy.
• Uses: MDD, panic disorder, OCD, and others.
• Pregnancy: Not recommended during pregnancy due to potential risks; use while breastfeeding is reported to be relatively safe.
• Link: NCBI

4. Fluoxetine

• Class: SSRI
• Brand Name: Prozac
• MOA: Increases serotonin levels by blocking its reabsorption.
• Side Effects: Insomnia, anxiety, headaches, nausea, and sexual dysfunction.
• Uses: Major depressive disorder, bulimia nervosa, and OCD.
• Pregnancy: Generally not recommended; considered to have some risk in lactation.
• Link: MedlinePlus

5. Fluvoxamine

• Class: SSRI
• Brand Name: Luvox
• MOA: Potentiates serotonergic activity by inhibiting its reuptake.
• Side Effects: Drowsiness, loss of appetite, anxiety.
• Uses: OCD, social anxiety disorder.
• Pregnancy: Risks present; consult healthcare professional for lactation.
• Link: DrugBank

6. Sertraline

• Class: SSRI
• Brand Name: Zoloft
• MOA: Selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake.
• Side Effects: Gastrointestinal disturbances, sexual dysfunction, insomnia.
• Uses: Treats depression, OCD, PTSD, panic disorder.
• Pregnancy: Considered relatively safe; lactation compatible with caution.
• Link: NCBI

7. Vortioxetine

• Class: Multifunctional antidepressant (acts on serotonin)
• Brand Name: Trintellix
• MOA: Acts both as an SSRI and a receptor modulator.
• Side Effects: Nausea, constipation, dizziness.
• Uses: Major depressive disorder.
• Pregnancy: Limited data; consult healthcare providers.
• Link: MedlinePlus

8. Vilazodone

• Class: SARI (Serotonin-Activity Reuptake Inhibitor)
• Brand Name: Viibryd
• MOA: Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and acts as a partial agonist at serotonin receptors.
• Side Effects: Diarrhea, nausea, insomnia.
• Uses: Major depressive disorder.
• Pregnancy: Consult health professionals regarding potential risks.
• Link: Drugs.com

9. Duloxetine

• Class: SNRI (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor)
• Brand Name: Cymbalta
• MOA: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
• Side Effects: Nausea, dry mouth, fatigue.
• Uses: MDD, generalized anxiety disorder, chronic pain conditions.
• Pregnancy: Caution advised; consult healthcare provider for breastfeeding.
• Link: NCBI

10. Venlafaxine

• Class: SNRI
• Brand Name: Effexor
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake.
• Side Effects: Nausea, dizziness, insomnia, sexual dysfunction.
• Uses: MDD, anxiety disorders.
• Pregnancy: Consult healthcare professional; presence in breast milk has been noted.
• Link: MedlinePlus

Additional Medications:

This guide can be expanded upon for the remaining medications such as Levomilnacipran, Desvenlafaxine, Amoxapine, Amitriptyline, Desipramine, Nortriptyline, Doxepin, Trimipramine, Imipramine, Protriptyline, Mirtazapine, Bupropion, Selegiline, Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine, and Tranylcypromine. Each should include details similar to the ones provided here.

If you have any specific requests for those medications or any other questions, feel free to ask!Here's a detailed study guide for the medications you specified, covering their class, brand names, mechanism of action (MOA), side effects, indications (both on-label and off-label), first-line treatment status, and safety regarding pregnancy and lactation.

1. Citalopram

• Class: Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor (SSRI)
• Brand Name: Celexa
• MOA: Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, increasing serotonin levels.
• Side Effects: Nausea, dry mouth, drowsiness, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction.
• Indications: Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders (off-label).
• First-Line: Yes, commonly used as a first-line treatment for depression.
• Pregnancy/Lactation Safety: Considered acceptable during breastfeeding (though some caution is advised), can cause slight risk of bleeding if taken in the last month of pregnancy. More information here.

2. Escitalopram

• Class: SSRI
• Brand Name: Lexapro
• MOA: Selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake.
• Side Effects: Nausea, insomnia, somnolence, and sexual dysfunction.
• Indications: Major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder.
• First-Line: Yes, effective for depression and anxiety.
• Pregnancy/Lactation Safety: Generally considered compatible with breastfeeding, but may have potential risks during pregnancy, particularly affecting fetal heart development. More information here.

3. Paroxetine

• Class: SSRI
• Brand Name: Paxil
• MOA: Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin.
• Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, dry mouth, constipation, sexual side effects.
• Indications: Major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder.
• First-Line: Yes, but less favored due to side effects.
• Pregnancy/Lactation Safety: Not recommended in pregnancy due to risks of fetal heart defects; relatively safe for breastfeeding. More information here.

4. Fluoxetine

• Class: SSRI
• Brand Name: Prozac
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin reuptake.
• Side Effects: Anxiety, insomnia, nausea, sexual dysfunction.
• Indications: Major depressive disorder, bulimia, OCD, panic disorder.
• First-Line: Yes, commonly used.
• Pregnancy/Lactation Safety: May be used during breastfeeding with caution; some risk factors in late pregnancy noted. More information here.

5. Fluvoxamine

• Class: SSRI
• Brand Name: Luvox
• MOA: Selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake.
• Side Effects: Nausea, somnolence, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction.
• Indications: OCD, social anxiety disorder (off-label for others).
• First-Line: Yes for OCD.
• Pregnancy/Lactation Safety: Limited data; consult guidelines.

6. Sertraline

• Class: SSRI
• Brand Name: Zoloft
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin reuptake.
• Side Effects: Nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, and sexual dysfunction.
• Indications: Major depressive disorder, panic disorder, PTSD.
• First-Line: Yes.
• Pregnancy/Lactation Safety: Generally compatible with breastfeeding; careful monitoring advised during pregnancy. More information on lactation here.

7. Vortioxetine

• Class: Serotonin Modulator and Stimulator (SMS)
• Brand Name: Trintellix
• MOA: Enhances serotonin availability through multiple mechanisms.
• Side Effects: Nausea, vomiting, and sexual dysfunction.
• Indications: Major depressive disorder.
• First-Line: Yes.
• Pregnancy/Lactation Safety: Limited data available; consult healthcare providers.

8. Vilazodone

• Class: Serotonin Partial Agonist and Reuptake Inhibitor (SPARI)
• Brand Name: Viibryd
• MOA: Inhibits serotonin reuptake and partially agonizes serotonin receptors.
• Side Effects: Diarrhea, nausea, and insomnia.
• Indications: Major depressive disorder.
• First-Line: Yes, emerging first-line option.
• Pregnancy/Lactation Safety: Limited information; consult provider.

9. Duloxetine

• Class: Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI)
• Brand Name: Cymbalta
• MOA: Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
• Side Effects: Nausea, dry mouth, fatigue, constipation.
• Indications: Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, chronic pain.
• First-Line: Yes for depression and anxiety.
• Pregnancy/Lactation Safety: Not recommended in pregnancy; caution with breastfeeding. More information here.

10. Venlafaxine

• Class: SNRI
• Brand Name: Effexor
• MOA: Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
• Side Effects: Nausea, insomnia, sweating, sexual dysfunction.
• Indications: Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders.
• First-Line: Yes, especially for anxiety.
• Pregnancy/Lactation Safety: Caution advised; can pass into breast milk. More information here.

11. Levomilnacipran

• Class: SNRI
• Brand Name: Fetzima
• MOA: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine.
• Side Effects: Nausea, hyperhidrosis, and elevated heart rate.
• Indications: Major depressive disorder.
• First-Line: Yes.
• Pregnancy/Lactation Safety: Limited studies; consult healthcare provider.

12. Desvenlafaxine

• Class: SNRI
• Brand Name