According to the text, political factors, including government policies and administrative practices, can significantly impact economic development. This is due to influences on production and employment patterns, as well as geographic and climate factors that determine growth and productivity. Additionally, research shows that different areas within a country can have varying levels of upward mobility for low-income families. Historical changes in political and economic development can also affect outcomes, as well as internal factors like total factor productivity and external factors such as location and climate. An unstable political environment can create uncertainty and hinder investment and economic development, while factors like technological innovation and policy change play a role in energy transition. Overall, it is clear that political factors play a significant role in shaping economic development.