Trade networks in various societies during the Middle Ages allowed for the exchange of cultural, technological, and biological elements. These networks, such as the Silk Road, were important for creating economic and cultural connections between distant countries. Large empires utilized trade to foster communication and commercial exchange, and land-based empires drew their power and wealth from overland trade routes. These trade routes also served as channels for new inventions, religious beliefs, and social customs. Rulers of cities and states embraced trade due to its ability to bring in wealth and resources to maintain complex societies. Throughout history, empires facilitated and secured trade routes and acted as markets for imports. In the classical age, massive amounts of goods were traded within these empires, contributing to their economic and social influence. The Roman Empire and Han Dynasty are notable examples of empires that utilized trade to achieve power and influence.