The text discusses the ongoing problem of illegal mining and its detrimental impact on various aspects of society. Despite being prohibited by Brazil's constitution, illegal mining is still widespread in Indigenous Lands. This not only violates laws but also affects peace, stability, security, development, governance, and the rule of law. In response to public pressure, the Brazilian government enacted a ban on all mining activities, both legal and illegal, in 2017. However, effective enforcement of the ban has faced challenges, such as a lack of resources. Other countries, such as Ghana and El Salvador, have also taken measures to combat illegal mining, with mixed success. Indigenous groups have raised concerns about the effects of legal and illegal mining on their ancestral lands, and there have been instances of successful interventions to stop illegal mining. However, there is criticism that these efforts do not involve adequate communication and involvement of affected communities.