The purpose of this study is to examine potential mechanisms that may explain changes in sleep, including physiological, hormonal, and neuronal factors. Research has consistently shown that individuals vary in their vulnerability to sleep deprivation, with some being more affected than others. Inadequate sleep has been linked to various disorders such as hypertension, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. A recent study found that those who experience insomnia or poor sleep with shorter duration have a 29% higher risk of cardiovascular disease compared to a reference group. Proposed mechanisms for the negative effects of sleep disruption include increases or decreases in certain factors. Chronic insomnia is a commonly neglected condition that can have serious long-term effects on a person's health, but is often seen in family practice. There are two main types of sleep, REM and NREM, with the latter being the initial stage of sleep. This article will also discuss the relationship between sleep and anxiety, and the neurobiological basis for this connection. In conclusion, this study aims to better understand the role of various factors in mediating sleep changes and its impact on overall health.