The text is about the ongoing debate between realism and idealism in philosophy and how this issue has been approached since modern times. The author discusses the concept of existence and how it is related to both realism and idealism, using examples from philosophers such as Husserl and Ingarden. The text mentions four main positions on the matter: metaphysical idealism, epistemological idealism, metaphysical realism, and epistemological realism. It also mentions existential ontology as a branch of philosophy that deals with the fundamental question of existence. Despite being written 50 years ago, the discussion on this subject is still relevant and actively debated. The author also mentions the attempt to restore the subject after overcoming past subjectivism in existential philosophy.