The text discusses the use of t-values and critical values in statistics. It mentions that for sample sizes smaller than 30, t-values are used instead of z-scores and the t-value depends on the degrees of freedom. It presents a table of critical values for confidence levels of 80%, 90%, 95%, 98%, and 99% for different degrees of freedom. It also shows a table for t-values at different confidence levels and degrees of freedom. The text explains how to find the critical t-value for a given confidence level and sample size, with example problems provided. It also discusses the use of one-tail and two-tail probabilities in finding critical values. Overall, the text focuses on the importance of understanding and using critical values in statistical analysis.