Cementum is an essential dental tissue that plays a crucial role in the support and anchoring of teeth within the jawbone. Its composition primarily consists of inorganic and organic materials, which contribute to its unique properties.

Around 45% to 50% of cementum by weight is made up of inorganic matter, mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite, which is a crystalline structure that gives it strength. The remaining 50% to 55% is composed of organic materials and water. The organic matrix primarily consists of collagen fibers, predominantly type I collagen, which accounts for a significant portion of the organic matrix in cementum. This fibrous structure is essential for the mechanical properties of cementum and its ability to integrate with the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone.

Cementum can be classified into three types: intermediate cementum, acellular cementum, and cellular cementum. Acellular cementum is typically found on the cervical portions of the tooth roots, while cellular cementum, which contains trapped cementoblasts known as cementocytes, is located in the apical regions of the roots, allowing for adaptation and repair in response to tooth movement or mechanical stress.

In addition to its structural components, cementum also has a low magnesium content, which aligns its biochemical composition more closely with that of bone tissue, rather than other dental materials. This ties into its function and role in dental health.

Further delving into the specifics and characteristics of cementum can be found in various sources, such as the following links:

1. Cementum - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics
2. Histology of human cementum: Its structure, function, and development
3. Cementum: Composition, Formation and Regeneration
4. Periodontology Anatomy Cementum
5. 14. Dental tissues. III - Pocket Dentistry
6. Dental cementum reviewed: development, structure, composition ...

These sources provide a comprehensive overview of cementum's composition, development, and functional significance in dental anatomy.

Sources

Cementum - an overview | ScienceDirect TopicsHistology of human cementum: Its structure, function, and developmentCementum: Composition, Formation and RegenerationPeriodontology Anatomy Cementum14. Dental tissues. III - Pocket DentistryCementum - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics[PDF] Dental cementum reviewed: development, structure, composition ...

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