This IP subnet calculator covers both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols and provides essential information like IP address, network address, subnet mask, IP range, etc. Subnetting is the process of dividing a network into smaller subnets, with three components of an IP address - host, network, and subnet. A subnet mask is used to divide an IP address into two parts, identifying the host and network. Subnets are logical subdivisions of an IP network and subnetting allows for more efficient network routing. The subnet calculator also calculates important components like broadcast, network, wildcard mask, and host range. IPv4 Class C addresses range from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255, with a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (/24 CIDR). Subnets are logical partitions of IP networks, making use of the Internet Protocol (IP) method. This document explains the basic concepts needed for router configuration such as subnetting and address breakdown.