Summary: The "Chip Act" has been implemented in the US to provide tax incentives and subsidies for semiconductor manufacturing. However, these policies may also contain discriminatory clauses, such as in bills for infrastructure, chips, and inflation reduction, and impact global trade. The EU has launched a "European chip plan" to promote the industrialization of key technologies, and the US is using export controls to limit China's semiconductor industry. The US has also passed a comprehensive climate law to reduce emissions and promote clean energy technology. The standardization of railway transportation has helped boost the economy in western China.